P&L Forecast - Apple

Overview In this exercise, you will build a Profit & Loss (P&L) projection for Apple using historical data from 2016–2018 along with growth, margin, interest, and D&A assumptions. You will forecast key financials for 2019–2021, learning how revenue, costs, operating expenses, taxes, interest, and D&A flow through to EBITDA, EBIT, EBT, and Net Income. While analysts often create 5-year projections in professional practice, this exercise uses JPMorgan estimates through 2021, resulting in a 3-year projection. This approach is common for simplified exercises and public company analysis. The exercise emphasizes practical skills such as linking interest and D&A schedules back to the Income Statement. Learning Goals Forecast key P&L line items: Project Revenue, Gross Profit, R&D, SG&A, Cost of Revenue, and Taxes based on historical growth and margin assumptions. Model interest expense and income: Complete the Interest Schedule and link it to the Income Statement to forecast net financial costs and earnings. Apply depreciation & amortization schedules: Forecast D&A for both physical (PP&E) and non-physical assets, and link back to the Income Statement. Calculate derived metrics: Compute EBITDA, EBIT, EBT, and Net Income to understand the flow from revenue to bottom-line profit. Understand the interaction of schedules: Learn how capital expenditures, interest rates, and asset depreciation influence overall financial projections. Key Concepts Revenue: Forecasting top-line sales based on historical growth rates and assumptions. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS): Estimating the direct costs to produce products or services. Gross Profit: Revenue minus COGS, showing operational efficiency. R&D and SG&A: Research & Development and Selling, General & Administrative expenses forecasted as % of revenue. EBITDA: Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. Operating Income (EBIT): Profit after operating expenses but before interest and taxes. EBT: Earnings before taxes, reflecting profit after financial costs. Net Income: Bottom-line profit after all expenses and taxes. Depreciation & Amortization (D&A): Tracks asset value reduction for physical assets (PP&E) and non-physical assets (patents, software), linked back to P&L. Interest Schedule: Tracks interest expense on debt and interest income from cash, ensuring accurate P&L projections.

Practice P&L Forecast - Apple with interactive Excel modeling exercises in our Financial Statement Modeling module.

This hands-on modeling exercise helps you master P&L Forecast - Apple through real-world Excel practice and financial modeling techniques.